In the study of the functions of the visual analyzer in people who were in contact with petroleum products , already in the early period of work, a significant increase in the threshold of tempo adaptation was observed [Gipiyatullina A. X. et al., Etc.]. In patients with chronic intoxication with oil products and in persons with suspicion of it, a significant decrease in the rate of adaptation was found, manifested mainly by an increase in the threshold and a decrease in the adaptation curve. 

The termination of contact in operation did not guarantee the restoration of light sensitivity to normal. An early sign: a functional disorder of the visual analyzer was also a narrowing of the boundaries of peripheral vision. In some cases, it reached 20-30 ° (mainly from the temporal side). Along with achromatic, the borders of the visual field also narrowed to colors, especially pa red,  

According to R.F. Kalushchinsky , in 35.7% of 109 workers, the threshold for color sensitivity to red turned out to be increased. E. T. Akhmetova, in the presence of functional disorders of the nervous system, regardless of age, revealed a decrease in accommodation in 139 out of 285 workers, which manifested itself in the initial period of work and reached maximum development after 6-10 years. 

Based on the examination of the results of rheophthalmographic (ROG) and electrooculographic (EOG) studies, A. Kh. Giniyatullina found that, compared with the control group, refinery workers, patients with oil intoxication, and oil retirees were reduced, especially in people with chronic intoxication . For 21.6% of the refinery workers, the coefficient did not exceed two ppm and was subject to fluctuations depending on the length of service. 43.3% of retirees had no more than 1.5% about.  

The adaptoelectrooculography indices of the refinery workers were significantly lower than in the control group. Rheophthalmological and electrooculigraphic studies have revealed pathological changes even in people with a short work experience.  

When examining the workers of the oil refinery and the synthetic alcohol plant, it was found that unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons were occupational hazards. A. X. Giniyatullina and Z. T. Akhmetova revealed a tendency to lower intraocular pressure, which depended on the duration and nature of the work performed. A survey of 25 people with chronic intoxication and a suspicion of intoxication with petroleum products showed a sharp decrease in the reographic coefficient.  

The ciliary body impedance was significantly reduced, which indicated a pronounced regional circulatory failure in the ciliary body. A correlation between rheography and hydrodynamic indicators is established. In persons with chronic intoxication or with suspicion of it, the production of aqueous humor was sharply reduced compared with the control group. According to A. X. Giniyatullia, hypoxecretion of aqueous humor could be a consequence of circulatory failure in the ciliary body. 

The degree of disruption of hemodynamic and hydrodynamic processes was directly dependent on the severity of the effects of hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. The revealed changes turned out to be unstable: after a course of general strengthening and stimulating treatment, hemo- and hydrodynamics of the eye improved significantly.  

During biomicroscopic studies, a pattern was established in the increase in trophic disorders in the anterior part of the eye in accordance with an increase in the length of service with oil products. Most often, destruction of the pigment border of the pupil edge, diffuse atrophy of the stroma of the iris, mainly in the ciliary zone, the expansion of lacunae and plesiform gray deposits at their bottom, the dispersion of the iris pigment were observed. With an increase in experience, deposits of pigment around the limb and the symptom of “emissary” were more often observed with the appearance of pigment under the conjunctiva along the water and ciliary veins. The appearance of pigment along the ciliary veins and around the limb is explained by the absence of obstacles in the outflow of intraocular fluid, which is consistent with the data of electron-topographic studies.    
  

G. Kh. Kudoyarov et al., While studying the state of the organ of vision in 209 refinery workers, confirmed a decrease in intraocular pressure. More pronounced differences were observed in the study of eye hydrodynamics. A decrease in intraocular pressure was observed towards the end of the work shift and was due to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor. An ophthalmodynamic study conducted in 145 individuals revealed early regional hypotension in the central retinal artery system. This contributed to the appearance of a negative balance in the nutrition of the retina, hypoxia and the development of trophic disorders in the eye. 

In order to clarify the long-term effects of the influence of petroleum products on the organ of vision, A. Kh. Giniyatullina examined people who worked in the main technological departments of the oil refinery before retiring. Of the 68 former oil workers aged 46–49 years who worked at the plant for more than 10 years, 29 had a history of acute poisoning with oil products.  

The reographic coefficient in 43.3% of the main group was lower than the control indicators (0.5–1.5 and 1.7–5.4%, respectively). Petroleum pensioners had a pronounced violation of hydrodynamics: in 18.6%, the secretion of aqueous humor was lower than the sensitivity of the electronic topograph, in 14.2% it was reduced to 0.03-0.09 mm3 / min, in the rest it was close to the lower limit of the norm . Ophthalmotonus in 19.1% was characterized by a tendency to hypotension, in 79.9% it was within normal limits, in 1.8% hypertensive syndrome was observed.  

The described changes were combined with a narrowing of peripheral vision , a decrease in the biopotentials of the retina to light and dark (according to adaptoelectrooculography). At the bottom of the eye, blanching of the optic nerve discs and dystrophic changes in the macular region were determined. All these changes were more pronounced among oil retirees who had suffered acute poisoning from petroleum products in the past. With the improvement of production technology and the improvement of working conditions for workers engaged in oil refining, a decrease in the frequency of previously identified changes in the organ of vision was observed.